Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 01 Mar 2018

Observation of Diurnal Soaring Raptors In Northeastern Brazil Depends On Weather Conditions and Time of Day

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Page Range: 56 – 65
DOI: 10.3356/JRR-16-102.1
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Abstract

Weather conditions influence flight performance of soaring raptors, which take advantage of the strength of rising air currents to travel and forage. Most studies on soaring raptors are not conducted when precipitation and fog are present or during the hottest times of the day, when it is expected that these factors reduce species' detectability. The effect of weather on the movement of migratory birds has been studied extensively, but few studies have addressed these effects on nonmigratory tropical raptors. We described the richness, composition, and activity patterns of a diurnal soaring raptor community and we identified how daily weather conditions affected the probability of observing a species. For 11 mo, we surveyed five fixed points in an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area consisting mainly of montane Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil, for a total of 98 point counts. We recorded 12 species of soaring raptors, of which five made up 88% of all sightings. We added new records for three soaring raptor species, updating the previous richness list for the study region to 26 species. Daily wind velocity positively influenced the probability of observing Short-tailed Hawks (Buteo brachyurus). Daily relative humidity positively influenced the probability of observing Mantled Hawks (Pseudastur polionotus) and negatively influenced that of Roadside Hawks (Rupornis magnirostris). Six species would not have been recorded if afternoon samplings were not made. We demonstrated the need to consider weather conditions and time of day to increase the chance of observing diurnal soaring raptors.

Resumen

Las condiciones meteorológicas influyen en el vuelo de las rapaces planeadoras, que aprovechan la fuerza de las corrientes ascendentes de aire para moverse y alimentarse. La mayoría de los estudios sobre las rapaces planeadoras no se lleva a cabo con presencia de precipitaciones o niebla o durante los periodos más calurosos del día, cuando se espera que estos factores reduzcan la detectabilidad de las aves. El efecto de las condiciones meteorológicas en el movimiento de las aves migratorias ha sido ampliamente estudiado, pero pocos estudios han evaluado estos efectos en rapaces tropicales no migratorias. Describimos la riqueza, la composición y los patrones de actividad de una comunidad de aves rapaces planeadoras diurnas e identificamos cómo las condiciones meteorológicas diarias afectaron la probabilidad de observar cada especie. Durante 11 meses censamos cinco puntos fijos en un Área Importante para la Conservación de las Aves y de la Biodiversidad compuesta principalmente por bosque montano atlántico en el noreste de Brasil, con un total de 98 puntos de conteo. Registramos 12 especies de rapaces planeadoras, de las cuales cinco comprendieron el 88% de todos los avistamientos. Añadimos nuevos registros para tres especies de rapaces planeadoras, actualizando la lista de riqueza previa para la región de estudio a 26 especies. La velocidad diaria del viento influyó positivamente en la probabilidad de observar a Buteo brachyurus. La humedad relativa diaria influyó positivamente en la probabilidad de observar a Pseudastur polionotus y negativamente en la de Rupornis magnirostris. No se hubieran registrado seis especies de no haberse realizado censos vespertinos. Demostramos la necesidad de considerar las condiciones meteorológicas y la hora del día para incrementar la probabilidad de observar rapaces planeadoras diurnas.

[Traducción del equipo editorial]

Copyright: © 2018 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2018
Figure 1. 
Figure 1. 

Location of the study area in Brazil (inset map) and five surveying points (indicated by the numbers).


Figure 2. 
Figure 2. 

Species richness accumulation curve and rarefaction curves estimated with first- and second-order jackknife estimators using the free software EstimateS Win 9.1.0 (Cowell 2013).


Figure 3. 
Figure 3. 

Activity patterns of diurnal soaring raptors observed at Serra da Ouricana massif, Bahia, Brazil.


Figure 4. 
Figure 4. 

Probability of observation of three diurnal soaring raptor species recorded at Serra da Ouricana massif (Bahia, Brazil) affected by wind velocity (m/s) and relative humidity (%).


Contributor Notes

Email address: christinesteiner@yahoo.com
Received: 28 Nov 2016
Accepted: 29 May 2017
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