Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 01 Jun 2018

Effects of Perch Location on Wintering Raptor Use of Artificial Perches in a California Vineyard

and
Page Range: 250 – 256
DOI: 10.3356/JRR-17-46.1
Save
Download PDF

Abstract

Most raptor species rely on perches for hunting, resting, preening, and roosting, and in many agricultural areas the availability of adequate perches can limit raptor abundance and diversity. This has negative implications for both raptor conservation and for the provisioning of natural pest control services for farmers. Installing artificial perches on agricultural lands can therefore benefit both raptors and farmers, but perches must be installed in optimal locations to maximize raptor use and minimize unnecessary costs to farmers. We monitored raptor use of artificial perches in a California vineyard over winter using remote photography to compare two sets of perch types: perches at the top versus perches at the bottom of a steep hill, and perches located among trees versus perches located in an open area. We found that raptors preferred perches on hilltops over perches at the base of hills, and that raptors seem to prefer perches in open habitat over perches located adjacent to trees, although a small sample size for this comparison limited our analysis.

Resumen

La mayoría de las especies de rapaces dependen de los posaderos para la caza, el descanso, el acicalamiento y para dormir, y en muchas áreas agrícolas la disponibilidad de posaderos adecuados puede limitar la abundancia y la diversidad de rapaces. Esto tiene implicaciones negativas tanto para la conservación de rapaces como para la provisión de servicios naturales de control de presas para los agricultores. Por lo tanto, la instalación de posaderos artificiales en tierras agrícolas puede beneficiar a las rapaces y a los agricultores, si bien los posaderos deben ser instalados en ubicaciones óptimas para maximizar su uso por parte de las rapaces y para minimizar los costos innecesarios a los agricultores. Durante el invierno hicimos un seguimiento del uso por parte de las rapaces de posaderos artificiales en un viñedo en California, utilizando fototrampeo para comparar dos tipos de posaderos: posaderos en la cima frente a posaderos situados en la base de una colina empinada, y posaderos ubicados entre árboles frente a posaderos ubicados en áreas abiertas. Encontramos que las rapaces prefirieron los posaderos en las cimas de las colinas frente a los de la base de las mismas y que las rapaces parecen prefirieron los posaderos ubicados en hábitats abiertos que los posaderos ubicados al lado de árboles, aunque el pequeño tamaño muestral para esta comparación limitó nuestro análisis.

[Traducción del equipo editorial]

Copyright: © 2018 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2018
Figure 1. 
Figure 1. 

Map of perch placement in a vineyard in California's Central Valley showing tree perches (T1–T6), open habitat perches (O1–O11), hill bottom perches (B1–B3), and hilltop perches (H1–H3).


Figure 2. 
Figure 2. 

Example photos from trail cameras monitoring artificial raptor perches showing (a) American Kestrel, (b) Red-tailed Hawk with rabbit, (c) Golden Eagle, (d) pair of Great Horned Owls, (e) pair of Common Ravens with a mouse. Images have been cropped to show detail.


Figure 3. 
Figure 3. 

Use of artificial perches in a California vineyard: (a and b) time spent perching, (c) number of perching events, and (d) and number of species on hill bottom versus hilltop perches and on perches in open habitat versus perches among trees. Hill bottom and hilltop values represent 8 wk of data, and open habitat and tree values represent 3 wk of data.


Figure 4. 
Figure 4. 

Species use of (a) artificial perches at the bottom of hills compared to perches on hilltops, and (b) artificial perches in open habitat compared to those among trees. Bar charts show proportion of total perch time within each two-habitat comparison that raptors spent on each perch. Numbers above each bar show the total number of perching events per species per perch type. Species codes are as follows: AMKE, American Kestrel; BNOW, Barn Owl; CORA, Common Raven; GHOW, Great Horned Owl; GOEA, Golden Eagle; and RTHA, Red-tailed Hawk. Hill bottom and hilltop values represent 8 wk of data, and open habitat and tree values represent 3 wk of data.


Contributor Notes

Email address: Saramaekross@gmail.com
Received: 09 Jun 2017
Accepted: 05 Oct 2017
  • Download PDF