Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 01 Sept 2018

Diets of Sympatric Forest Owlets, Spotted Owlets, and Jungle Owlets in East Kalibhit Forests, Madhya Pradesh, India

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Page Range: 338 – 348
DOI: 10.3356/JRR-17-00002.1
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Abstract

The Forest Owlet (Heteroglaux blewitti), Spotted Owlet (Athene brama) and Jungle Owlet (Glaucidium radiatum) are small owls coexisting in the East Kalibhit Forests in the Khandwa District of Madhya Pradesh State, India. We compared their diets to better understand their food habits, dietary overlap, and the mechanism of their coexistence. The diet of the three species differed significantly. The diet of the Forest Owlet was dominated by small mammals (52.2%, by frequency), whereas invertebrates dominated the diets of the Spotted Owlet (58.1%) and Jungle Owlet (84.8%). The Forest Owlet consumed a wider array of prey (food-niche breadth [FNB] = 0.40) compared to the Spotted Owlet (FNB = 0.13) and the Jungle Owlet (FNB = 0.06). The dietary overlap was highest between the Forest Owlet and Spotted Owlet (56%), lower between the Spotted and Jungle Owlet (28%), and lowest between the Forest and Jungle Owlet (22%). Diets also differed significantly among the three owls in terms of the mean prey mass of the species consumed. The Forest Owlet is a generalist predator feeding on various sizes and types of prey; the Spotted Owlet feeds on large and medium-sized mammals, as well as invertebrates, and the Jungle Owlet is a specialist feeding mainly on invertebrates and small mammals. Our results suggest the three species coexist by consuming prey of different sizes.

Resumen

Heteroglaux blewitti, Athene brama y Glaucidium radiatum son búhos pequeños que coexisten en los Bosques Kalibhit del Este, Distrito de Khandwa, Estado de Madhya Pradesh, India. Comparamos sus dietas para comprender sus hábitos alimenticios, la superposición de la dieta y el mecanismo de su coexistencia. La dieta de las tres especies difirió significativamente. La dieta de H. blewitti estuvo dominada por mamíferos pequeños (52.2% en frecuencia), mientras que los invertebrados dominaron las dietas de A. brama (58.1%) y de G. radiatum (84.8%). H. blewitti consumió un espectro más amplio de presas (ancho del nicho alimenticio ANA = 0.40), comparado con A. brama (ANA = 0.13) y G. radiatum (ANA = 0.06). La mayor superposición de la dieta ocurrió entre H. blewitti y A. brama (56%), fue menor entre A. brama y G. radiatum (28%), y la menor superposición de la dieta ocurrió entre H. blewitti y G. radiatum (22%). Las dietas también difirieron significativamente entre las tres especies de búhos en términos de la masa promedio de presas consumidas. H. blewitti es una especie depredadora generalista que se alimenta de varios tipos y tamaños de presa; A. brama se alimenta de mamíferos de tamaño grande y mediano, como también de invertebrados; y G. radiatum es una especie especialista que se alimenta principalmente de invertebrados y mamíferos de pequeño tamaño. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las tres especies coexisten al consumir presas de diferentes tamaños.

[Traducción del equipo editorial]

Copyright: © 2018 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2018
Figure 1. 
Figure 1. 

Location of nest and roost sites of the Forest Owlet, Spotted Owlet, and Jungle Owlet in East Kalibhit Forests, Khandwa District, Madhya Pradesh, India.


Figure 2. 
Figure 2. 

Percent prey frequencies in the diets of the Forest Owlet, Spotted Owlet, and Jungle Owlet in East Kalibhit Forests, Khandwa District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Bars represent means expressed as percentage. Different letters indicate significant differences (Mann-Whitney U-test) at P < 0.05 in prey categories. Bars with the same letter do not differ significantly.


Figure 3. 
Figure 3. 

Percent biomass contribution from small mammals in different prey weight categories in the diets of the Forest Owlet, Spotted Owlet, and Jungle Owlet in East Kalibhit Forests, Khandwa District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Bars represent means expressed as percentage. Different letters indicate significant differences (Mann-Whitney U-test) at P < 0.05 in prey categories. Bars with the same letter or no letters do not differ significantly.


Contributor Notes

Email address: prachimehta@wrcsindia.org

Associate Editor: Pascual López-López

Received: 08 Jan 2017
Accepted: 18 Dec 2017
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