Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 09 May 2019

Occurrence of Northern Saw-Whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus) in Alabama Determined from Targeted Banding Efforts

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Page Range: 150 – 163
DOI: 10.3356/JRR-18-40
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Abstract

Enticed by the migratory irruption of 2007, we established three banding stations in northeastern Alabama, USA, to determine the prevalence of Northern Saw-whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus) in the state and subsequently examine the broader extent of migration patterns and demographics at latitudes ≤35°N. We captured 202 Northern Saw-whet Owls between 2007 and 2016, with annual totals ranging from 3 in 2014 to 64 in 2012. The proportion of hatch-year owls captured was 38.1% overall, which was considerably lower than levels reported at more northern stations. Morphometric estimates and a sex-specific discriminant function analysis table indicated 63.9% of all Northern Saw-whet Owls captured were female and 11.9% were males, with the remaining 24.2% of undetermined sex. Peak migration occurred during mid-November. We locally recaptured 44 individuals and determined that recaptures were bimodally distributed, with most owls recaptured 1 wk after initial banding and a second peak 10–13 wk afterward. We estimated 50% of owls emigrated from stations within 3 wk of initial banding. We encountered seven owls initially banded at northern stations; one of these had flown 1518 km from Whitefish Point Bird Observatory, Michigan to Hollins, Alabama. Of these encounters, three were intra-seasonal and represented owls that had migrated at an average rate of 36.2 km/night. Four owls banded in Alabama were encountered during subsequent seasons in the northern United States. Although limited, these data suggest owls follow the Appalachian Mountains and western Great Lakes migration routes into Alabama. Our findings indicate Northern Saw-whet Owls regularly overwinter in northeastern Alabama, although abundances probably vary annually with migration dispersion cycles. We recommend additional Northern Saw-whet Owl banding stations be established across the southeastern United States to further study this secretive species within the southern periphery of its winter range.

Resumen

Estimulados por la irrupción migratoria del 2007, instalamos tres estaciones de anillamiento en el noreste de Alabama, EEUU, para determinar la prevalencia de Aegolius acadicus en este estado y, subsecuentemente, examinar el alcance de sus patrones de migración y demografía a latitudes ≤35° N. Capturamos 202 individuos de A. acadicus entre 2007 y 2016, con totales anuales fluctuando entre 3 y 64 individuos durante los años 2014 y 2012, respectivamente. La proporción global de individuos nacidos en el año calendario capturados fue 38.1%, siendo considerablemente menor que los valores registrados en estaciones de anillamiento ubicadas más al norte. Las estimaciones morfométricas y la tabla del análisis de función discriminante específico por sexo indicaron que el 63.9% de todos los individuos capturados fueron hembras y el 11.9% fueron machos, mientras que el 24.2% restante fueron de sexo indeterminado. El pico de la migración se registró durante mediados de noviembre. A nivel local recapturamos 44 individuos y determinamos que las recapturas estuvieron distribuidas de modo bimodal, con más individuos recapturados una semana después del inicio del anillamiento y en un segundo pico de recapturas 10 – 13 semanas después. Estimamos que el 50% de los A. acadicus emigraron desde las estaciones dentro de las tres semanas posteriores al inicio del anillamiento. Encontramos siete individuos anillados inicialmente en las estaciones del norte; uno de ellos había volado 1518 km desde el Observatorio de Aves Whitefish Point, Michigan a Hollins, Alabama. De estos encuentros, tres fueron intra-estacionales, representando individuos que habían migrado a una distancia promedio de 36.2 km/noche. Cuatro individuos anillados en Alabama fueron encontrados en el norte de Estados Unidos durante las estaciones siguientes. Aunque limitados, estos datos sugieren que los A. acadicus siguen las rutas migratorias de los montes Apalaches y del oeste de los Grandes Lagos hacia Alabama. Nuestros hallazgos indican que esta especie pasa los meses de invierno habitualmente en el noreste de Alabama, aunque las abundancias probablemente varían anualmente con los ciclos de dispersión migratoria. Recomendamos el establecimiento de estaciones adicionales de anillamiento de A. acadicus a lo largo del sudeste de los Estados Unidos para continuar el estudio de esta sigilosa especie dentro de la periferia sur de su rango invernal.

[Traducción del equipo editorial]

Copyright: © 2019 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2019
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Banding and encounter locations of Northern Saw-whet Owls. White arrows represent straight line directions from initial banding sites to encounter locations in Alabama; black arrows represent straight line directions from Alabama banding sites to encounter/recovery locations to the north. Straight line arrows depict the minimum distance between banding and recapture sites. Numbered locations include: 1 = Clay (AL), 2 = Steele (AL), 3 = Hollins (AL), 4 = Duluth-Park Point Beach (MN), 5 = Stevens Point (WI), 6 = Newark (IN), 7 = Whitefish Point BO (MI), 8 = St. Williams (ON), 9 = Valley Falls State Park (WV), 10 = Charlton (NY), and 11 = New Paltz (NY).


Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Autumn migration phenology of Northern Saw-whet Owls at three permanent banding stations in Alabama. Bars represent 2-d means.


Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Estimated probability of Northern Saw-whet Owl recapture by week in Alabama. Bars reflect actual number of recaptures by week, while the plotted line estimate was derived from the mark-recapture model.


Contributor Notes

Received: 16 May 2018
Accepted: 30 Oct 2018
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