Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 12 May 2021

Breeding Ecology of Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in Southern Continental Patagonia, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina

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Page Range: 190 – 200
DOI: 10.3356/0892-1016-55.2.190
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ABSTRACT

We searched for nests and studied aspects of the breeding biology of Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Patagonian grasslands biome of southern Santa Cruz province, Patagonia, Argentina, at the southern limit of the species' continental distribution. In this open, mostly flat landscape where potential nest substrates are rare and isolated yet conspicuous, caracaras nested in native Magellan barberry shrubs (Berberis microphylla), exotic trees associated with ranch houses and other buildings, on coastal cliffs, and on human-made structures associated with petroleum and gas extraction plants. These extraction activities, which began only in the past three decades in this region have provided new nesting opportunities for this species. Nest characteristics, brood size, and productivity recorded in our study area were similar to what has been previously reported for the Southern Caracara nesting across its broad latitudinal range. In our study area, average productivity in both years combined (2010–2011) was 2.1 fledglings per successful pair (n = 27). The nesting season for this caracara population apparently extends from September through January, phenology that is similar to that reported for caracaras nesting at a similar latitude in Chile and for other raptor species in Santa Cruz province. However, the nesting season seems to be shorter than for caracara populations nesting at northern latitudes in Argentina. In this vast, open landscape, nest substrates provided by human-made structures may be an important determinant of the spatial distribution of Southern Caracara nests.

RESUMEN

Ecología Reproductiva de Caracara plancus en la Provincia de Santa Cruz, Patagonia Sur Continental, Argentina

Estudiamos algunos aspectos de la biología reproductiva de Caracara plancus en un bioma de pastizal patagónico del sur de la provincia de Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina, correspondiente al límite meridional de la distribución continental de esta especie. En este ambiente mayormente abierto y llano, donde los potenciales sustratos para nidificar son escasos y aislados pero conspicuos, C. plancus nidificó en el arbusto Berberis microphylla, en árboles exóticos asociados a los cascos de estancias y otras construcciones humanas, en acantilados marinos, y en estructuras de origen antrópico asociadas con plantas de extracción de petróleo y gas. Estas actividades de extracción, iniciadas en la región durante las últimas tres décadas, aportaron nuevas oportunidades para la nidificación de C. plancus. Las características de los nidos, el tamaño de la nidada y la productividad registradas en nuestra área de estudio fueron similares a lo reportado previamente para C. plancus a lo largo de su amplia distribución latitudinal. En nuestra área de estudio, la productividad promedio para dos años combinados (2010–2011) fue de 2.1 volantones por pareja exitosa (n = 27). La temporada reproductiva en esta población se extiende aparentemente desde septiembre hasta enero, coincidiendo con la fenología reportada para individuos de C. plancus que crían en Chile a igual latitud y a la de otras rapaces que habitan la provincia de Santa Cruz. Sin embargo, la temporada reproductiva sería más reducida cuando se la compara con otras poblaciones de esta especie que nidifican en latitudes más septentrionales de Argentina. En este ambiente extenso y abierto del sur de Santa Cruz, la presencia de sustratos de nidificación, resultado de la presencia de estructuras de origen antrópico, podrían ser importantes para determinar la distribución de los nidos de C. plancus.

[Traducción de los autores editada]

Copyright: © 2021 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2021
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Locations of Argentina and Chile, Santa Cruz province, Argentina, and our study area in southern Santa Cruz province. We searched for nests along highlighted sections of RN3 and RN1, and along the coastal transect. We surveyed for nests within the entire hatched study area, driving and walking interior roads, and driving cross country (see text). The highlighted section of RN1 within the study area is the main access road into the study area. The numerous interior roads are not shown.


Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Representative open landscapes of the Patagonian grassland and coastal cliffs on Mar Argentino (Atlantic coast) biomes in southern Santa Cruz province, Argentina: (A) overgrazed Patagonian grassland landscape between RN1 and the Atlantic coast, (B) typical grasslands and an ephemeral pond, (C) a group of exotic cypress trees near a human settlement, and (D) coastal cliffs along the Atlantic coast.


Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Representative nest substrates used by Southern Caracaras in southern Santa Cruz province, Argentina: (A) a Magellan barberry shrub within 30 m of RN1, (B) a pump jack and a loading ladder used in 2010 and 2011, respectively, (C) a flare-drum, and (D) a nest on a light-tower, with a nestling.


Contributor Notes

1 Email address: msaggese@westernu.edu

2 Present address: Corrales, NM 87048, USA.

3 Deceased.

Associate Editor: James F. Dwyer

Received: 30 May 2020
Accepted: 02 Nov 2020
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