Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 15 Sept 2021

Predictors of Osprey Nest Success in a Highly Urbanized Environment

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Page Range: 485 – 495
DOI: 10.3356/JRR-20-97
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ABSTRACT

Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) are adaptable fish-eating raptors that readily nest on artificial structures in heavily human-dominated areas. Although the Osprey is a well-studied species, few researchers have investigated the factors that influence nest success and productivity in an urban environment. We monitored Osprey nests from 2013 to 2017 in highly urbanized Pinellas County, located on the west coast of central Florida, USA. We used logistic exposure models to assess the effects of timing of nesting, nest attributes (nest substrate, height), and landscape-level variables (inter-nest distance, distance to water, and surrounding habitat type) on daily survival rate (DSR) of Osprey nests. The number of active nests (i.e., nests with eggs) in the study area ranged from 53 in 2013 to 79 in 2016, with an overall total of 329 during the 5-yr study. Although most nests produced at least one young near fledging age, 131 of the nests failed. We attributed 45% of nest failures to storm events and 50% to unknown causes. The best logistic exposure model specification included only two variables: the discrete variable representing the date incubation started and the nominal variable indicating the year 2015. Osprey nests initiated earlier in the season were more likely to survive, and later nests (initiated after 22 April) averaged only one fledgling each. Osprey nests in 2015 had the highest DSR and relatively few failed due to storms. Our results supported previous research indicating that early nesters were more successful than late nesters. Our results also indicate that storms may play a role in nest success of Ospreys in Florida. Other variables, such as the amount of urbanized land surrounding Osprey nests did not appear to influence nest survival, indicating that Ospreys can be productive even in highly urban environments.

RESUMEN

Predictores del Éxito de Anidación de Pandion haliaetus en un Ambiente Altamente Urbanizado

Pandion haliaetus es un ave rapaz que se alimenta de peces y que fácilmente anida en estructuras artificiales en áreas fuertemente dominadas por humanos. Aunque es una especie bien estudiada, pocas investigaciones han analizado los factores que influyen en el éxito y la productividad de los nidos en un ambiente urbano. Seguimos los nidos de P. haliaetus de 2013 a 2017 en el condado altamente urbanizado de Pinellas, ubicado en la costa oeste del centro de Florida, EEUU. Usamos modelos de exposición logística para evaluar los efectos del tiempo de anidación, de los atributos del nido (sustrato del nido, altura) y de variables a nivel del paisaje (distancia entre nidos, distancia al agua y tipo de hábitat circundante) en la tasa de supervivencia diaria (TSD) de los nidos de P. haliaetus. El número de nidos activos (i.e., nidos con huevos) en el área de estudio varió de 53 en 2013 a 79 en 2016, con un total general de 329 durante el estudio de cinco años. Aunque la mayoría de los nidos produjo al menos una cría cercana a la edad de emplumar, 131 de los nidos fallaron. Atribuimos el 45% de estos fracasos a tormentas y el 50% a causas desconocidas. La mejor especificación del modelo de exposición logística incluyó solo dos variables: la variable discreta que representa la fecha de inicio de la incubación y la variable nominal que indica el año 2015. Los nidos de P. haliaetus iniciados antes en la temporada tuvieron más probabilidades de sobrevivir, y los nidos posteriores (iniciados después del 22 de abril) promediaron solo un volantón cada uno. Los nidos de P. haliaetus en 2015 tuvieron la TSD más alta y relativamente pocos nidos fallaron debido a las tormentas. Nuestros resultados apoyan investigaciones previas que indican que los primeros nidos tuvieron más éxito que los tardíos. Nuestros resultados también indican que las tormentas pueden influir en el éxito de los nidos de P. haliaetus en Florida. Otras variables, como la cantidad de tierra urbanizada que rodea los nidos de P. haliaetus, no parecen influir en la supervivencia de los nidos, lo que indica que P. haliaetus puede ser una especie muy productiva incluso en entornos altamente urbanizados.

[Traducción del equipo editorial]

Copyright: © 2021 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2021
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Locations of Osprey nests (n = 127) in southern Pinellas County, Florida, from 2013 to 2017. Nests shown were active (i.e., eggs laid) one to five times each during the 5-yr study.


Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Number of Osprey nests that produced zero, one, two, three, and four nearly fledged young, shown by the date of onset of incubation, Pinellas County, Florida. Nests from all 5 yr (2013 to 2017) were combined.


Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Parameter estimates (95% CI) from the logistic exposure model presenting the year 2015 and the first week of incubation (week 1 began 1 January) as log-odds for Ospreys nesting in Pinellas County, Florida, from 2013 to 2017.


Figure 4.
Figure 4.

Predicted Osprey nest DSR when comparing the 2015 brood-rearing year (1) to other years (0) during the brood-rearing period in Pinellas County, Florida, from 2013 to 2017. Estimates (mean ± 95% CIs) derived from the best logistic exposure model as identified by AICc values.


Figure 5.
Figure 5.

Osprey nest daily survival rate (DSR) in relation to the week of the year that incubation was initiated (week 1 = 1–7 January) during the brood-rearing period in Pinellas County, Florida, from 2013 to 2017. Estimates represent mean values plus 95% CIs (gray) from the preferred logistic exposure model as identified by AICc values.


Contributor Notes

1 Email address: forysea@eckerd.edu

2 Present address: NCE Engineering and Environmental Services, Reno, NV 89509 USA.

Associate Editor: Vince A. Slabe

Received: 02 Aug 2020
Accepted: 07 Apr 2021
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