Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 09 Nov 2021

Off-Grid Downhole Video Recording System to Monitor Burrowing Owls

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Page Range: 565 – 573
DOI: 10.3356/JRR-20-61
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ABSTRACT

Studying species that nest underground, such as the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) is challenging. Ecological and behavioral information about Burrowing Owls is often limited to activities occurring aboveground or to insights gained from live viewing using downhole cameras and burrow scopes with limited recording capacity. Although automated monitoring systems may enhance underground observations, such systems need to be self-powered to support research conducted in remote areas. We describe a self-powered (off-grid) digital video recording system developed in 2014 to monitor nesting Burrowing Owls at Rio Bosque Wetlands Park in El Paso, Texas, USA. We used solar panels, infrared cameras, and digital video recorders to create a self-contained system for monitoring two artificial Burrowing Owl nest sites. From 2014 to 2018, we collected high-resolution video recordings of Burrowing Owl nesting ecology and behavior in their underground artificial burrows and nest boxes in remote areas. We provide detailed instructions and recommendations for the design, construction, installation, and maintenance of this system. Although our system required some initial material and labor costs, it required less on-site work than traditional behavioral observations, while also providing high-quality video images of an understudied aspect of Burrowing Owl ecology. Key ecological insight gained included nest initiation dates, clutch sizes, incubation dates, hatching sequences, prey items delivered to the nest, and predators of Burrowing Owls in the El Paso area. We encountered substantial technical problems but recommend the overall design of our system.

RESUMEN

Sistema de Grabación de Vídeo Subterráneo Autónomo para el Seguimiento de Athene cunicularia

El estudio de las especies que anidan bajo tierra, como Athene cunicularia, es un desafío. La información ecológica y de comportamiento de A. cunicularia está usualmente limitada a las actividades que ocurren fuera de la madriguera y a los hallazgos obtenidos a través de la observación subterránea de sus actividades mediante cámaras y endoscopios con capacidad de grabación limitada. Aunque los sistemas de seguimiento automáticos pueden mejorar las observaciones subterráneas, estos sistemas necesitan autoabastecerse de energía para permitir realizar investigaciones en áreas remotas. Describimos un sistema de grabación de vídeo digital autónomo (fuera de red) desarrollado en 2014 para monitorear individuos de A. cunicularia en el Parque de Humedales Río Bosque en El Paso, Texas, EEUU. Usamos paneles solares, cámaras infrarrojas y grabadoras digitales de vídeo para crear un sistema autosuficiente para monitorear dos lugares de nidificación de A. cunicularia. Desde 2014 hasta 2018, obtuvimos registros de vídeo de alta resolución de la ecología de cría y comportamiento de A. cunicularia en sus madrigueras artificiales subterráneas y cajas nido localizadas en áreas remotas. Proporcionamos instrucciones detalladas y recomendaciones para el diseño, la construcción, la instalación y el mantenimiento de este sistema. Aunque tuvo costos iniciales de material y mano de obra, este sistema requirió menos trabajo en el sitio que las observaciones de comportamiento tradicionales, y también proporcionó imágenes de vídeo de alta calidad de un aspecto poco estudiado de la ecología de esta especie. Los conocimientos ecológicos claves obtenidos incluyeron las fechas de inicio del nido, el tamaño de la nidada, las fechas de incubación, las secuencias de eclosión, las presas entregadas al nido y los depredadores de A. cunicularia en el área de El Paso. Aunque encontramos problemas técnicos sustanciales, recomendamos el diseño general de nuestro sistema.

[Traducción del equipo editorial]

Copyright: © 2021 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2021
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Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Artificial burrow and nest box design to house cameras as part of the off-grid, underground video surveillance system used to monitor nesting Burrowing Owls in El Paso, Texas, USA.


Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Pet food containers with screw lids used as mounting supports for cameras deployed as part of off-grid, underground video surveillance system used to monitor nesting Burrowing Owls in artificial burrows in El Paso, Texas, USA.


Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Components of an off-grid underground video surveillance system used to monitor nesting Burrowing Owls in artificial burrows in El Paso, Texas, USA: (A) polyolefin atrium grate used to mount infrared cameras, and (B) 1.9-cm diameter PVC pipe through which cables ran to connect cameras to Pelican box housing DVR system.


Figure 4.
Figure 4.

Diagram of basic off-grid underground DVR equipment used to monitor nesting Burrowing Owls in artificial burrows in El Paso, Texas, USA.


Figure 5.
Figure 5.

Screenshot images captured by DVR system used to monitor nesting Burrowing Owls in artificial burrows in El Paso, Texas, USA in 2014, depicting nesting chronology: (A) clutch of nine eggs, 19 April; (B) owlets on 26 June.


Figure 6.
Figure 6.

Screenshot images captured by DVR system used to monitor nesting Burrowing Owls in artificial burrows in El Paso, Texas, USA in 2014–2015, depicting prey items inside nest burrow: (A) mouse (e.g., Peromyscus sp.); (B) lizard (e.g., Sceloporus sp.).


Figure 7.
Figure 7.

Screenshot images captured by DVR system used to monitor nesting Burrowing Owls in artificial burrows in El Paso, Texas, USA, depicting predators entering a nest box: (A) coachwhip, 22 April 2014; (B) striped skunk, 3 April 2015.


Contributor Notes

1 Email address: Lois.Balin@tpwd.texas.gov

Associate Editor: Jeff P. Smith

Received: 13 May 2020
Accepted: 28 Jan 2021
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