Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 28 Feb 2022

To Catch a (Marsh) Predator: Modified Trapping Methods for Breeding and Wintering Northern Harriers (Circus hudsonius)

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Page Range: 190 – 200
DOI: 10.3356/JRR-21-79
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ABSTRACT

Although there are a variety of methods available for trapping raptors, some species, such as Northern Harriers (Circus hudsonius), are not easily captured with standard methods. We tested several existing trapping methods and modified two of them based on Northern Harrier ecology and behavior across seasons in a study population in California. No previously successful methods described in the literature were effective for our study population. Two modified methods were most effective for trapping Northern Harriers: (1) placing two dho-gazas around the nest in a V-shape and flushing the adult female into the nets during the breeding season, and (2) using remote-triggered bow nets baited with waterbird carcasses in winter. Dho-gazas at the nest worked well during the early nestling-rearing stage, when nestlings were younger than 2 wk old and adult females were most attentive. This method was not suitable during the incubation stage because Northern Harriers are prone to nest abandonment. In the winter, Northern Harriers are known to scavenge, yet this aspect of their behavioral ecology has previously been rarely exploited for trapping purposes. These two methods allow for selective Northern Harrier trapping across seasons and provide modified options for research on this understudied and declining species in North America.

RESUMEN

Atrapar un Depredador (De Marisma): Métodos de Captura Modificados Para Individuos Reproductivos e Invernantes de Circus hudsonius

Aunque hay una variedad de métodos disponibles para atrapar rapaces, algunas especies, como Circus hudsonius, no se capturan fácilmente con los métodos comúnmente utilizados. Evaluamos varios métodos de captura disponibles y modificamos dos de ellos en función de la ecología y el comportamiento de esta especie a lo largo de las estaciones en una población estudiada en California. Ningún método considerado previamente exitoso de acuerdo a la literatura existente fue efectivo para nuestra población. Dos metodologías previas pero modificadas resultaron ser las más efectivas para capturar a C. hudsonius: (1) colocar dos redes tipo dho-gaza en forma de V alrededor del nido y espantar a la hembra adulta hacia las redes durante la temporada reproductiva, y (2) usar redes de arco con disparo remoto cebadas con cadáveres de aves acuáticas durante el invierno. Las redes dho-gazas colocadas alrededor del nido funcionaron bien durante la etapa temprana de cría de los polluelos, cuando estos tenían menos de dos semanas de edad y las hembras adultas estaban más atentas a su cuidado. Sin embargo, todos los polluelos deben ser capaces de termorregular durante el período de captura y post-captura para reducir el riesgo de mortalidad. Este método no fue adecuado durante la etapa de incubación, porque C. hudsonius es propenso al abandono del nido. En invierno, se sabe que C. hudsonius usa carroña; sin embargo, este aspecto de su ecología de comportamiento rara vez se ha aprovechado previamente con fines de captura. Estos dos métodos permiten la captura selectiva de C. hudsonius a lo largo de las estaciones y proporcionan opciones modificadas para la investigación de esta especie poco estudiada y en disminución en Norteamérica.

[Traducción del equipo editorial]

Copyright: © 2022 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2022
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Breeding season trapping methods used at Northern Harrier nests: (A) two mist nets with a mounted owl in the center; (B) dho-gaza with a live owl below the net; (C) nestlings inside of a modified bal-chatri (“nest dome”) at a nest (rabbit leg placed on top of the trap by the adult female); (D) a researcher approaching a nest with a handheld dip net; (E) two researchers approaching a nest from both sides with handheld dip nets; and (F) an adult female Northern Harrier being flushed off a nest into a dho-gaza (researcher with handheld dip net not pictured). Photo credits: William Thein and Shannon Skalos.


Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Remote-triggered bow net baited with an American Coot carcass (A) and camouflaged with grass (B). The trigger box with black antenna is indicated by the white arrow. Photo credits: William Thein and Shannon Skalos.


Figure 3.
Figure 3.

An adult female Northern Harrier approaching her nest carrying nest material in her mouth with two dho-gazas positioned around her nest in a “V” formation. Photo credit: William Thein.


Figure 4.
Figure 4.

Top view (A) and side view (B) of a noose carpet baited with an American Coot carcass. Photo credits: Shannon Skalos.


Contributor Notes

1 Email address: sskalos@usgs.gov

Associate Editor: Joseph B. Buchanan

Received: 01 Jun 2020
Accepted: 07 Oct 2021
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