Editorial Type:
Article Category: Brief Report
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Online Publication Date: 01 Feb 2022

A Survey of Sex Ratios of Raptors at a Rescue Center in China

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Page Range: 237 – 244
DOI: 10.3356/JRR-21-21
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ABSTRACT

The sex ratio is an important concept in estimating population demography, and such data could contribute to both theoretical research and conservation. Although numerous studies have analyzed the sex ratios of raptors in the wild, few studies have focused on the sex ratios of raptors in wildlife rehabilitation facilities. Here, we report the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sex identification of raptors brought to the Beijing Raptor Rescue Center in 2018–2020. This rescue center is located in eastern China, on a major migratory route for raptors in East Asia. We identified the sex of 646 individuals (belonging to 29 species) using two sets of primers, and analyzed the sex ratios of five species with a sample size >30 individuals. Generally, the sex ratios differed among species: the sex ratio of Eurasian Kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) was skewed toward males (P = 0.006), while the sex ratio of Eurasian Sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus) was skewed toward females (P = 0.024). The sex ratio of Long-eared Owls (Asio otus) tended to be female-biased (P = 0.058). There was no significant bias of sex ratio in Oriental Scops-Owls (Otus sunia) or Amur Falcons (Falco amurensis). We discussed several possible reasons that could drive the biased sex ratios of raptors brought into rehabilitation centers. Our findings could be helpful for future studies on sex identification of raptors and conservation efforts.

RESUMEN

Muestreo de la Ratio de Sexos de Rapaces en Un Centro de Rescate en China

La ratio de sexos es un concepto importante en la estimación de la demografía de poblaciones, y este tipo de datos podría contribuir tanto a la investigación teórica como a la conservación. Aunque numerosos estudios han analizado la ratio de sexos de las aves rapaces en la naturaleza, pocos estudios se han centrado en la ratio de sexos de las aves rapaces en centros de recuperación de vida silvestre. Presentamos los resultados de la identificación del sexo basada en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR por sus siglas en inglés) de rapaces admitidas en el Centro de Rescate de Rapaces de Pekín en 2018–2020. Este centro de rescate está ubicado en el este de China, en una importante ruta migratoria de aves rapaces en el este de Asia. Identificamos el sexo de 646 individuos (pertenecientes a 29 especies) utilizando dos conjuntos de cebadores y analizamos la ratio de sexos de cinco especies con un tamaño muestral >30 individuos. En general, la ratio de sexos difirió entre especies: la ratio de sexos de Falco tinnunculus estuvo sesgado hacia los machos (P = 0.006), mientras que la ratio de sexos de Accipiter nisus estuvo sesgado hacia las hembras (P = 0.024). La ratio de sexos de Asio otus tendió a estar sesgado hacia las hembras (P = 0.058). No hubo un sesgo significativo de la ratio de sexos en Otus sunia o en Falco amurensis. Discutimos varias posibles razones que podrían impulsar el sesgo en las ratios de sexos de las aves rapaces que ingresan en los centros de rehabilitación. Nuestros hallazgos sobre la ratio de sexos en aves rapaces ingresadas a un centro de recuperación podrían ser útiles para futuros estudios sobre la identificación del sexo de las aves rapaces en China y su conservación.

[Traducción del equipo editorial]

Copyright: © 2022 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2022
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Molecular sexing of raptors using PCR. “F” in the figure represents a female individual and “M” represents a male individual. Males show a single band, while females show two bands. The DNA of Eurasian Eagle-Owls, Oriental Scops-Owls, and Japanese Scops-Owls was amplified with the primer set P2/NP/MP, and the others were amplified with the primer set 2550F/2718R. A DNA marker on the left side shows molecular sizes.


Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Proportion of males (males / [males + females]) for five species brought to the BRRC in 2018–2020 (* indicates P < 0.05; binomial test). The dotted line indicates an even sex ratio; whiskers show the 95% confidence intervals.


Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Proportion of males of Eurasian Kestrels and Oriental Scops-Owls at different ages (* indicates P < 0.05; binomial test). The dotted line indicates an even sex ratio; whiskers show the 95% confidence intervals.


Figure 4.
Figure 4.

Proportion of males of Eurasian Kestrels and Oriental Scops-Owls in different years (* indicates P < 0.05; binomial test). The dotted line indicates an even sex ratio; whiskers show the 95% confidence intervals.


Contributor Notes

1 Email address: dengwh@bnu.edu.cn

Associate Editor: Christopher J. W. McClure

Received: 09 Mar 2021
Accepted: 08 Sept 2021
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