Editorial Type:
Article Category: Brief Report
 | 
Online Publication Date: 13 May 2024

Predation by Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus) on Nests of the Endemic White-headed Steamer-Ducks (Tachyeres leucocephalus)

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Page Range: 235 – 240
DOI: 10.3356/JRR-23-28
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ABSTRACT

Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus) are diurnal, opportunistic raptors that feed on a great variety of prey, including carrion, nestlings, and eggs. In the coastal area of Chubut province, Argentina, they co-occur with White-headed Steamer-Ducks (Tachyeres leucocephalus), an endemic and vulnerable species. Here we report observations of Crested Caracaras on nests of White-headed Steamer-Ducks in the Interjurisdictional Marine Park in Northern San Jorge Gulf, Chubut, Argentina. We looked for steamerduck nests on islands and islets in the park from September to December in 2015 and 2016. We installed camera traps at 21 nests and operated them for a total of 166 camera-nights. We detected Crested Caracaras 27 times, at 15% and 37% of the duck nests in 2015 and 2016, respectively. We corroborated predation on eggs after visiting nests, although we were not able to see Caracaras directly eating eggs on pictures. The timing of Crested Caracara visits to duck nests corresponded with the recess pattern (i.e., periods of time when nest is unattended during incubation) of the White-headed Steamer-Ducks. Crested Caracaras are generally visual predators and they likely observe the steamerducks and take advantage of their incubation patterns. Our camera data contribute to improving our understanding of Crested Caracara ecology and potential limiting factors on White-headed Steamer-Duck nesting success.

RESUMEN

DEPREDACIÓN POR CARACARA PLANCUS EN NIDOS DE TACHYERES LEUCOCEPHALUS

Caracara plancus es una rapaz oportunista de hábitos diurnos, que se alimenta de gran variedad de presas, carroña, pichones y huevos. En la costa marina de la provincia del Chubut (Argentina), se reproduce en simpatría y sintopía con el pato Tachyeres leucocephalus, una especie endémica y vulnerable. Aquí reportamos la presencia y el patrón de actividad de C. plancus sobre los nidos de T. leucocephalus en el Parque Interjurisdiccional Marino del norte del Golfo San Jorge (Chubut, Argentina). Durante septiembre y diciembre de 2015 y 2016 buscamos nidos de T. leucocephalus en las islas e islotes dentro del parque. A través del uso de cámaras trampa instaladas en 21 nidos por un período total de 166 noches-cámara, registramos un total de 27 detecciones. Detectamos la presencia de C. plancus en el 15% y 37% de los nidos en 2015 y 2016, respectivamente. Corroboramos la depredación de los huevos con nuestras visitas, pero no pudimos ver directamente en las fotos a C. plancus comiendo huevos. El momento de las visitas de C. plancus a los nidos de patos coincidió con el patrón de recesos de T. leucocephalus. C. plancus es generalmente un depredador visual y probablemente observó a T. leucocephalus y aprovechó sus patrones de incubación. Nuestros datos de las cámaras contribuyen a mejorar nuestra comprensión de la ecología de C. plancus y los posibles factores que limitan el éxito reproductivo de T. leucocephalus.

[Traducción de los autores editada]

Copyright: © 2024 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2024
Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Map of northern San Jorge Gulf, Patagonia, Argentina, showing islands where camera traps were deployed. Sites include (A) Galfráscoli Island, (B) Page Islet, (C) Patria Island, and (D) No Name islets. Limits of the Interjurisdictional Marine Park are indicated by the light shaded band in the inset map.


Figure 2.
Figure 2.

(a) Crested Caracara visiting a nest of White-headed Steamer-Ducks. (b) Arrows showing egg remains after predation.


Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Activity pattern (i.e., number of visits in each hour of the day) of Crested Caracaras at White-headed Steamer-Duck nests during two field seasons (2015 and 2016; n = 27). The 24-hour period is indicated around the outermost circle. The gray portion (with moon symbol) indicates the nocturnal period. The tan portion (with sun symbol) indicates the daytime period, and light tan indicates the morning and evening twilights. The number of camera detections of Crested Caracaras at White-headed Steamer-Duck nests (counts) are shown in the concentric circles, and the length of each colored bar (green and blue) represents detections in the 1-hour period.


Contributor Notes

Corresponding author: laguero@cenpat-conicet.gob.ar

Associate Editor: Christopher W. Briggs

Received: 14 Apr 2023
Accepted: 30 Sept 2023
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