Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 31 Jan 2025

First Record of Philornis Parasitism of the Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis)

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Page Range: 1 – 11
DOI: 10.3356/jrr2423
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ABSTRACT

We investigated parasitism of the Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) by diptera in the genus Philornis through analysis of post-fledging nests in rice fields and flooded areas of western Ecuador in 2020 and 2021. Morphological and molecular data led to the identification of two species of Philornis flies (Diptera: Muscidae) within the nest material: P. falsificus and P. downsi. These results represent the first records of Snail Kites as a host species of any species of Philornis. The prevalence of Philornis puparia in Snail Kite nests was 22% in 2020 and 9.7% in 2021. Seventy-four percent of nest attempts successfully fledged at least one young, with the remaining 26% of attempts either failing during incubation or the nestling phase. Nestling mortality attributable to Philornis parasitism appeared to be low. We also documented parasitism of P. falsificus by the parasitoid wasp Spalangia sp. (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae).

RESUMEN

PRIMER REGISTRO DE PARASITISMO POR DÍPTEROS DEL GÉNERO PHILORNIS EN ROSTRHAMUS SOCIABILIS

Investigamos el parasitismo de dípteros del género Philornis en los nidos de Rostrhamus sociabilis en campos de arroz y áreas inundadas del oeste de Ecuador durante 2020 y 2021, mediante el análisis de sus nidos después de la salida de los volantones. Los datos morfológicos y moleculares llevaron al descubrimiento de dos especies de moscas Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) dentro de los nidos de R. sociabilis: P. falsificus y P. downsi. Estos resultados representan los primeros registros de R. sociabilis como especie huésped de cualquier especie de Philornis. La prevalencia de pupas de Philornis en nidos de R. sociabilis fue del 22% y 9.7% durante 2020 y 2021, respectivamente. En 2021, la proporción de nidos que lograron producir al menos un volantón fue del 74%, mientras que el 26% restante de los nidos fracasaron durante la incubación o la fase de cría. La mortalidad de los pollos atribuible al parasitismo de Philornis parece ser baja. También documentamos el parasitismo de P. falsificus por la avispa parasitoide Spalangia sp. (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae).

[Traducción de los autores editada]

Copyright: © 2025 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. 2025
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Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Map of the study area with nest locations in both years 2020 and 2021, in Daule, Ecuador.


Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Two older Snail Kite nestlings at their nest with older, now unused nests around.


Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Height of parasitized and nonparasitized nests including all 2020 and 2021 data.


Figure 4.
Figure 4.

Philornis falsificus, (A) lateral and; (B) dorsal views of puparia that measure on average 11 × 5 mm; the distance between the two spiracles is about 2 mm; (C) detail of one spiracle and its spiracular openings, scale 0.3 mm (drawing by M. L. Rojas Allieri); (D) adult male, lateral view; (E) adult male, dorsal view, scale 5 mm for both adult flies.


Figure 5.
Figure 5.

Spalangia sp. parasitoid wasp, scale 1 mm.


Contributor Notes

 Corresponding author: birgit.fessl@fcdarwin.org.ec

Associate Editor: Pascual López-López

Received: 19 Mar 2024
Accepted: 04 Oct 2024
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